Identification of adulterated milk based on auto-correlation spectra

Abstract

A qualitative analysis of melamine-adulterated milk was proposed based on two-trace two-dimensional (2T2D) auto-correlation spectra. The concentration of melamine was used as external perturbation, and 40 adulterated samples of each brand with different concentrations of melamine (0.01 g/L to 1 g/L) were configured. Four brands of milk were used to configure experimental samples, including Guangming brand, Mengniu brand, Sanyuan brand and Wandashan brand. Spectroscopic data of pure milk and melamine-adulterated milk were measured by infrared (IR) (80–4000 cm−1) spectrophotometer. 2T2D auto-correlation spectral technology combined with least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) method was used for qualitative analysis. The two strongest auto-correlation peaks in the auto-correlation spectra were selected for modeling. For Guangming brand, the intensities of auto-correlation at two wave numbers 2898 cm−1 and 2972 cm−1 were selected as independent variables. For Mengniu brand, the intensities of auto-correlation at two wave numbers 2852 cm−1 and 2920 cm−1 were selected. For Sanyuan brand, the intensities of auto-correlation at two wave numbers 2900 cm−1 and 2974 cm−1 were selected. For Wandashan brand, the intensities of auto-correlation at two wave numbers 2900 cm−1 and 2974 cm−1 were selected. For four brands fused together, the intensities of auto-correlation at two wave numbers 2900 cm−1 and 2974 cm−1 were selected. For each brand, the accuracy of qualitative analysis was 100 %. For four brands fused together, the accuracy of qualitative analysis was 99.05 %. In this way, it greatly reduced the amount of data to be processed. This study showed that 2T2D auto-correlation spectral technology combined with LS-SVM method was perfect for the discrimination of melamine-adulterated milk.