Identification of active compound and Antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract

Abstract

Antibacterial from natural ingredients, such as medical plants can be used as an alternative medicine. The aims of this study were to identify active compounds and antibacterial activity from the leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata, especially to against gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. The methods of this study were making simplicia powder, extracting the leaves using ethanol, phytochemical screening using the tube method with specific reagents. Fractionated with chloroform and ethyl acetate and analyzed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the active compounds. Antibacterial activity used diffusion method. We also determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum kill concentration (MKC). The results of the chloroform fraction showed 14-Methyl-Pentadecanoic Acid; 9-Octadecanoad; 2(2-(2, 5-Ditiacyclopentyl)-N-Propyl-3 Isopropanol; Bis (dichloromethyl)-ether. The results on the ethyl acetate fraction were 4-oxopentanoid acid or Levulinic acid; 4, 4- dieutero-hepten-1-ol; 1, 2, 2-trichloro-1, 1-difluoromethane; and 1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-oxoheksanoic acid. In addition, inhibition zone leaf extract 10% w/v against S. epidermidis 18.44 mm; S. mutans 19.32 mm; S. aureus 19.50 mm; P. aeruginosa 12.70 mm; E. coli 0.00 mm; and S. thypi 0.00 mm. MIC of S.aureus, S.mutans, S.epidermidis, and P.aeruginosa were 6250 ppm, 6250 ppm, 1562.5 ppm, and 9375 ppm, respectively. MKC of S.aureus, S.mutans, S.epidermidis, and P.aeruginosa were 6250 ppm, 6250 ppm, 1562.5 ppm, and 12500 ppm, respectively. The conclusions of this study were the leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata contained terpenoid, phenolic and flavonoid. Antibacterial activity of this extract showed strong activity on S. aureus, S. mutans, S. epidermidis, and P. aeruginosa bacteria.