Abstract
BackgroundWhite lupin (Lupinus albus) is a leguminous crop with elite adaptive ability in phosphorus-deficient soil and used as a model plant for studying phosphorus (P) use. However, the genetic basis of its adaptation to low P (LP) remains unclear. ATPase binding cassette (ABC) transports G subfamily play a crucial role in the transportation of biological molecules across the membrane. To date, identification of this subfamily has been analyzed in some plants, but no systematic analysis of these transporters in phosphorus acquisition is available for white lupin.ResultsThis study identified 66 ABCG gene family members in the white lupin genome using comprehensive approaches. Phylogenetic analysis of white lupin ABCG transporters revealed six subclades based on their counterparts in Arabidopsis, displaying distinct gene structure and motif distribution in each cluster. Influences of the whole genome duplication on the evolution of L.albABCGs were investigated in detail. Segmental duplications appear to be the major driving force for the expansion of ABCGs in white lupin. Analysis of the Ka/Ks ratios indicated that the paralogs of the L.albABCG subfamily members principally underwent purifying selection. However, it was found that L.albABCG29 was a result of both tandem and segmental duplications. Overexpression of L.albABCG29 in white lupin hairy root enhanced P accumulation in cluster root under LP and improved plant growth. Histochemical GUS staining indicated that L.albABCG29 expression increased under LP in white lupin roots. Further, overexpression of L.albABCG29 in rice significantly improved P use under combined soil drying and LP by improving root growth associated with increased rhizosheath formation.ConclusionThrough systematic and comprehensive genome-wide bioinformatics analysis, including conserved domain, gene structures, chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationships, and gene duplication analysis, the L.albABCG subfamily was identified in white lupin, and L.albABCG29 characterized in detail. In summary, our results provide deep insight into the characterization of the L.albABCG subfamily and the role of L.albABCG29 in improving P use.
Highlights
White lupin (Lupinus albus) is a leguminous crop with elite adaptive ability in phosphorus-deficient soil and used as a model plant for studying phosphorus (P) use
Of 66 ABCGs, 8 members were located on chromosome 2, accounted for 12.2% of the total LalbABCG transporter gene, followed by 7 on chromosome 20 (10.6%), 6 on chromosome 25 (9.0%), and only 1 gene was located on chromosome 4, 8, 10, 13, 15, 16, 17, and 23 accounted for 1.5%
L.albABCG genes are differentially expressed under low phosphorus To elucidate the biological significance of white lupin ABCG in phosphorus transport, we examined the gene expression pattern of ABCG subfamily members among different L. albus tissues grown under CK and low P (LP) conditions using our previously generated RNA-seq data
Summary
White lupin (Lupinus albus) is a leguminous crop with elite adaptive ability in phosphorus-deficient soil and used as a model plant for studying phosphorus (P) use. ATPase binding cassette (ABC) transports G subfamily play a crucial role in the transportation of biological molecules across the membrane. Identification of this subfamily has been analyzed in some plants, but no systematic analysis of these transporters in phosphorus acquisition is available for white lupin. Plant ABC transporter gene family typically distributed to ABCA-ABCI subfamilies, except ABCH subfamily [11]. Like other ABC subfamilies, the ABCG subfamily is categorized into full-size ABCG transporters, containing two NBD and two TMD (NBDTMD2) and half-size transporters containing only one NBD and TMD. The former probably originated by a single duplication of later ABCG transporters group [12]
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