Abstract
Raphanus sativus L. (radish), a member of Brassicaceae, is widely used in traditional medicine in various cultures for treatment of several diseases and disorders associated with microbial infections. The antibacterial activity of the different plant parts has been mainly attributed to several isothiocyanate (ITC) compounds. However, the low correlation between the ITC content and antibacterial activity suggests the involvement of other unknown compounds. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial potential of red radish seeds and identify the active compounds. A crude ethanol seed extract was prepared and its antibacterial activity was tested against five medically important bacteria. The ethanol extract significantly inhibited the growth of all tested strains. However, the inhibitory effect was more pronounced against Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract followed by HPLC, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 15N-NMR, and HMBC analysis revealed that the active fraction consisted of a single new compound identified as [5-methylsulfinyl-1-(4-methylsulfinyl-but-3-enyl)-pent-4-enylidene]-sulfamic acid, which consisted of two identical sulfur side chains similar to those found in ITCs. The minimal inhibitory concentration values of the isolated compound were in the range of 0.5–1 mg/mL. These results further highlight the role of radish as a rich source of antibacterial compounds.
Highlights
Raphanus sativus L., a member of the cruciferous family, is an annual herb consumed as vegetable throughout the world
Bioassayguided fractionation of the ethanol extract followed by HPLC, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 15N-NMR, and Heteronuclear Multiple-Bond Correlation (HMBC) analysis revealed that the active fraction consisted of a single new compound identified as [5-methylsulfinyl-1-(4-methylsulfinyl-but-3-enyl)-pent-4enylidene]-sulfamic acid, which consisted of two identical sulfur side chains similar to those found in ITCs
The antimicrobial activity of radish has been investigated by several studies, only a few studies addressed the activity of radish seeds, of cultivated red radish
Summary
Raphanus sativus L. (radish), a member of the cruciferous family, is an annual herb consumed as vegetable throughout the world. (radish), a member of the cruciferous family, is an annual herb consumed as vegetable throughout the world. The roots are the most valuable and edible part of radish, the stem and leaves have been used for food flavoring or preservation [2]. As similar to other cruciferous vegetables, the nutritional value of radish is derived from its content of many essential minerals and vitamins, carbohydrates, high content of fiber, and low content of fat [3]. It is widely used in traditional medicine in various parts of the world for treatment of different ailments and disorders affecting the respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal systems, anemia, female and male infertility, and the skin [1, 4]. Many of the pharmacological activities of radish are attributed to the occurrence of a wide range of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids (including anthocyanins), coumarins, carotenoids, antioxidant enzymes, terpenes, glucosinolates, and other compounds [1, 3, 5,6,7,8,9]
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