Abstract
BackgroundThe prognosis of colon cancer (CC) is challenging to predict due to its highly heterogeneous nature. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, has roles in various cancers; however, the correlation between ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and prognosis in CC remains unclear.MethodsThe expression profiles of FRGs and relevant clinical information were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model were performed to build a prognostic model in TCGA cohort.ResultsTen FRGs, five of which had mutation rates ≥ 3%, were found to be related to the overall survival (OS) of patients with CC. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the results of Cox regression and LASSO analysis. Patients in the low-risk group had a significantly longer survival time than patients in the high-risk group (P < 0.001). Enrichment analyses in different risk groups showed that the altered genes were associated with the extracellular matrix, fatty acid metabolism, and peroxisome. Age, risk score, T stage, N stage, and M stage were independent predictors of patient OS based on the results of Cox analysis. Finally, a nomogram was constructed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS of patients with CC based on the above five independent factors.ConclusionA novel FRG model can be used for prognostic prediction in CC and may be helpful for individualized treatment.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CC) is the third most commonly diagnosed carcinoma and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide
Identification of prognostic ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in the colon the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort Most of the FRGs were differentially expressed (FDR < 0.05) between adjacent normal tissues and tumor tissues, and 16 of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to overall survival (OS) (Fig. 1a)
Five genes were downregulated in tumor samples, but the higher expression of these genes predicted poorer prognosis
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CC) is the third most commonly diagnosed carcinoma and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Continuous developments in early detection and treatment have led to a decline in the mortality and incidence of CC, 30–50% of patients present with metastasis or recurrence within 5 years after treatment [2, 3]. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death caused by persistent membrane injury and continuous lipid peroxidation [7]. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, has roles in various cancers; the correlation between ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and prognosis in CC remains unclear
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