Abstract
Natural hornbill ivory (from the bird Rhinoplax vigil) is a rare gem material, and in recent years imitations and composites have appeared on the Chinese gem market. In this study, the gemmological properties of these products were systematically investigated using microscopic observation, FTIR spectroscopy and UV fl uorescence. The key identifi cation features for natural hornbill ivory are a layered structure with minute pigmented dots, which were not present in polymer resin imitations. Air bubbles were detected in both the imitations and in composites made from hornbill ivory and resin. FTIR spectroscopy is useful for confi rming the presence of resin.
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