Identification by molecular techniques of halophilic bacteria producing important enzymes from pristine area in Campeche, Mexico.

M A A Dzul-Cervantes,L A Can-Herrera,O F Pacheco-Salazar,C D Gutierrez-Canul,L Saenz Carbonell,J D Chi-Cortez

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.246038

Abstract

Isla Arena is located in the coordinate 20° 70´ N - 90° 45´ W, from Campeche, Mexico. In these estuaries, the ocean mixes with fresh water, and ecosystems are concentrated where petenes and pink flamingos proliferate. Crustaceans and mollusks abound in the sea. Despite its enormous marine wealth, there are no studies carried out on which halophilic microorganisms are present in these waters. In this work, the diversity and structure of the microbial community was investigated through a metagenomics approach and corroborated for sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. It was found that the phylum Fimicutes predominates with more than 50%, in almost the same proportion of the class Bacilli and with almost 41% of relative abundance of the order Bacillales. The sequencing results showed that one of the samples presented a high percentage of similarity (99.75%) using the Nucleotide BLAST program with a peculiar microorganism: Bacillus subtilis. This microorganism is one of the best characterized bacteria among the gram-positive ones. Our results demonstrate that B. subtilis can be an efficient source of proteases, lipases and cellulases, from halophilic microbial communities located in poorly explored areas.

Highlights

With the use of generation sequencing tools, it has been possible to discover a great taxonomic diversity of microbial species in common sites, and in the most hostile sites (Alexios et al, 2018)
A great deal of effort has been devoted to researching existing halophilic species and databases have been developed, such as the “HaloDom” (HaloDom, 2020)
In this environment we found high-throughput sequencing targeting 16S rRNA gene generated a total of 73,516 raw sequences and after processing the raw sequences, we obtained 29,653 sequences of good quality and 427 unique sequences used for classification, when phylum Fimicutes predominate, so that as Bacilli and Bacillales for class and order respectively

Summary

Introduction

With the use of generation sequencing tools (metagenomics), it has been possible to discover a great taxonomic diversity of microbial species in common sites, and in the most hostile sites (Alexios et al, 2018). A great deal of effort has been devoted to researching existing halophilic species and databases have been developed, such as the “HaloDom” (HaloDom, 2020). In this site, more than a thousand halophilic species are registered,. In this review it was found that 21.9% belong to Archaea, while 50.1% to Bacteria and 27.9% to Eukarya This is an area showing rapid growth and this interest is reflected in the plethora of articles reporting new halophilic species each year, which is expected to increase (Albuquerque et al, 2016).

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