Abstract
Background An increasing number of studies have indicated that the abnormal expression of certain long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is linked to the overall survival (OS) of patients with myeloma. Methods Gene expression data of myeloma patients were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE4581 and GSE57317). Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed to construct and validate the prediction model. Single sample gene set enrichment (ssGSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used to predict the function of a specified lncRNA. Results In this study, a seven-lncRNA signature was identified and used to construct a risk score system for myeloma prognosis. This system was used to stratify patients with different survival rates in the training set into high-risk and low-risk groups. Test set, the entire test set, the external validation set, and the myeloma subtype achieved the authentication of the results. In addition, functional enrichment analysis indicated that 7 prognostic lncRNAs may be involved in the tumorigenesis of myeloma through cancer-related pathways and biological processes. The results of the immune score showed that IF_I was negatively correlated with the risk score. Compared with the published gene signature, the 7-lncRNA model has a higher C-index (above 0.8). Conclusion In summary, our data provide evidence that seven lncRNAs could be used as independent biomarkers to predict the prognosis of myeloma, which also indicated that these 7 lncRNAs may be involved in the progression of myeloma.
Highlights
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood malignant tumor caused by abnormal proliferation of plasma cells, which is mainly characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of multifocal clonal plasma cells in bone marrow, and the production of a large number of monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig G, Ig A, Ig D, or Ig E) or its fragments (M protein) [1]
Prognostic long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were further selected; rbsurv analysis was performed on 75% samples randomly selected from the training set samples
KM curve analysis showed that only AC092718.4, AC093673.1, and AC234582.2 could not be divided into two groups with high and low risk, and only the group with low expression of miR194-2HG had poor prognosis (Figure S1)
Summary
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood malignant tumor caused by abnormal proliferation of plasma cells, which is mainly characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of multifocal clonal plasma cells in bone marrow, and the production of a large number of monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig G, Ig A, Ig D, or Ig E) or its fragments (M protein) [1]. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of RNA with more than 200 nucleotides and cannot synthesize proteins [3] These lncRNAs are involved in posttranscriptional regulation and are abnormally expressed in several solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies [4,5,6]. An increasing number of studies have indicated that the abnormal expression of certain long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is linked to the overall survival (OS) of patients with myeloma. A seven-lncRNA signature was identified and used to construct a risk score system for myeloma prognosis. This system was used to stratify patients with different survival rates in the training set into high-risk and low-risk groups. Our data provide evidence that seven lncRNAs could be used as independent biomarkers to predict the prognosis of myeloma, which indicated that these 7 lncRNAs may be involved in the progression of myeloma
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