Identification and utilization of resistance to sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillet), in India

H.C Sharma,B.L Agrawal,P Vidyasagar,C.V Abraham,K.F Nwanze

doi:10.1016/0261-2194(93)90076-u

H.C Sharma, B.L Agrawal + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(93)90076-u

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Abstract

Sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillet), is a most important and widespread pest of grain sorghum. Over 15 000 germplasm accessions and several thousand breeding lines have been screened for resistance to sorghum midge under field infestation and no-choice headcage conditions in India. Twenty-seven germplasm accessions showing resistance across seasons and locations have been identified, of which TAM 2566, AF 28, DJ 6514, IS 3461, IS 8918, IS 10712, IS 21871 and IS 27103 are diverse sources of resistance to sorghum midge. Substantial progress has been made in developing improved midge-resistant breeding lines with reasonable yield and grain quality. Forty-four lines improved for plant type and grain yield have been developed. ICSV 197, ICSV 745, ICSV 843, ICSV 88013 and ICSV 88032 have high levels of midge resistance and their yield potential is comparable to that of commercial cultivars. PM 7068, ICSV 690, ICSV 563, and ICSV 388 have been identified as non-restorers. ICSV 563 and PM 7068 have been converted into male-sterile hybrid parents. Sorghum lines with midge resistance are genetically and morphologically diverse, and can be adapted per se or used in sorghum improvement in different sorghum-growing regions.

Highlights

A t the Intcrniitional Crops Kcscarch Institute for the Semi-Arid 'I'ropics (1C:RISA'I')
India. major emphasis hirs hecn placed o n developing techniques to scrccn for resistance to sorghum midgc, l o screen gt.rmplasrnlhrecding stocks to identify sources of resistance, and to transfer midge resistirncc from germplasm sourccs into improvedand adapted cultivars. .l'his paper reports the progress made in screening and breeding for rcsistancc to sorghum midge hetwecn 1980 and 1989
'1'0 improve the cl'l'icicncy of selection for midgc rcsisti~ncc, planting d;itcs wcrc irdjustcd, ant1 ~ w o sowings were undcrtakcn at 2-week intcrvills to synchronizc flowering with the peak density of the sorghum midgc tluring Oclohcr

Summary

Materials and methods

This work was carried out at the ICRISAT Centre and 'To whom conssimndenca should be addressed. Data wcrc rccordcd on plant height (cm), days to 501%, flowering, grain colour, panicle type, IOMJ-grain mass, and midge damage. Resistance screening techniques '1'0 improve the cl'l'icicncy of selection for midgc rcsisti~ncc, planting d;itcs wcrc irdjustcd, ant1 ~ w o sowings were undcrtakcn at 2-week intcrvills to synchronizc flowering with the peak density of the sorghum midgc tluring Oclohcr. (icrmplilsni accessions ilnd segregating breeding lines wcrc initiillly \crccncd by the inl'cstcr row tcchniquc Natural midgc infcstalion wi~sincrci~sctbly pl;rnting inl'c\tcr rows ol' ;I susccptihlc c~iltiviir(('SII 1) 20 i l i ~ yci~lrlicr tliiln the test nii~tcrii~1l.20ur inl'cslcr rows wcrc plilntctl :~l'tcr cvcry Ih rows of Ihc lcst lii;~lcri;~Al. l llic Il;~gIciif hti~gc. Line\ k i t h IOU susccptihility to midge wcrc tc\tcd undcr no-choice conditions using the hcadci~gc technique In the i ~ d \ ; ~ ~ i IcCS~IL.t I niidgc J;lniagc *its rccordcd Iron CIWI \pikclc.t> sitnipled rundoml) froni fivc pilniclcc *crccncd uridcr n;trural or hc;~dc;~gcc.ondition\. 'l'lic sitmpling proc.ctlurc ilnd d;ttit collcclion 1i;tvc t1cc dcscril,cd h! Shilr~iiit tl/ trl. ( IO88i1)

Breeding procedures

Results

S 27103

I I1 IS r I1 I 1 111