Abstract
The SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) family play a key role in guiding the switch of plant growth from juvenile to adult phases. Populus euphratica Oliv. exhibit typical heterophylly, and is therefore an ideal model for studying leaf shape development. To investigate the role and regulated networks of SPLs in the morphogenesis of P. euphratica heteromorphic leaves. In this study, 33 P. euphratica SPL (PeuSPL) genes were identified from P. euphratica genome and transcriptome data. Phylogenetic analysis depicted the classification of these SPL genes into two subgroups. The expression profiles and regulatory networks of P. euphratica SPL genes analysis displayed that major P. euphratica SPL family members gradually increases from linear to broad-ovate leaves, and they were involved in the morphogenesis regulation, stress response, transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, photoperiod, and photosynthesis etc. 14 circRNAs, and 33 lncRNAs can promote the expression of 12 of the P. euphratica SPLs by co-decoying miR156 in heteromorphic leaf morphogenesis. However, it was found that the effect of PeuSPL2-4 and PeuSPL9 in leaf shape development was contrasting to their homologous genes of Arabidopsis. Therefore, it was suggested that the SPL family were evolutionarily conserved for regulation growth, but were varies in different plant for regulation of the organ development.
Highlights
The SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) family play a key role in guiding the switch of plant growth from juvenile to adult phases
The average hydropathy of all SPL proteins varied from − 1.34 and − 0.27, which indicated that these proteins are hydrophilic (Table S3)
It was previously reported that gene duplication can produce new functions[35], these P. euphratica SPL (PeuSPL) genes may have a variety of functions in P. euphratica
Summary
The SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) family play a key role in guiding the switch of plant growth from juvenile to adult phases. To investigate the role and regulated networks of SPLs in the morphogenesis of P. euphratica heteromorphic leaves. The expression profiles and regulatory networks of P. euphratica SPL genes analysis displayed that major P. euphratica SPL family members gradually increases from linear to broad-ovate leaves, and they were involved in the morphogenesis regulation, stress response, transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, photoperiod, and photosynthesis etc. 14 circRNAs, and 33 lncRNAs can promote the expression of 12 of the P. euphratica SPLs by co-decoying miR156 in heteromorphic leaf morphogenesis. More studies on TFs in plants have been p erformed[17, 28] full-length SPLs were identified in Populus trichocarpa18However, the role of SPLs in (P. euphratica heteromorphic leaves, P. hl) morphogenesis has remained unclear. The roles of SPLs in P. hl morphogenesis were elucidated based on the above results
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