Abstract
The present study was designed to identify and quantify the major phenolic compounds in different Juglans regia L. (common walnut) tissues (leaves, petioles, bark, roots, buds), to define the compositions and contents of phenolic compounds between these tissues. A total of 91 individual phenolic compounds were identified and quantified, which comprised 8 hydroxycinnamic acids, 28 hydroxybenzoic acids, 11 flavanols, 20 flavonols, 22 napthoquinones, and 2 coumarins. Naphthoquinones were the major phenolic group in leaves, petioles, bark, and buds, as >60% of those identified, while hydroxybenzoic acids were the major phenolic group in side roots, as ~50% of those identified. The highest content of phenolic compounds was in the J. regia main root, followed by side roots and buds, leaves, and 1-year-old bark; the lowest content was in petioles and 2-year-old bark. Leaves, roots, and buds of J. regia represent a valuable source of these agro-residues.
Highlights
Horticulturae 2021, 7, 326. https://The Persian, English, or common walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a valuable tree nut and a well-known member of the Juglandaceae family
The aim of the present study was to determine the phytochemical compositions of walnut leaves, petioles, 1-year-old and 2-year-old bark, side roots and main roots, and buds, and to extend the discussion on the possible uses of these bioactive molecules from J. regia
Buds, and bark have been studied in particular [5], the present study provides interesting insights into the biochemical compositions of walnut roots and petioles, for which scientific information on their chemical constituents is scarce
Summary
Horticulturae 2021, 7, 326. https://The Persian, English, or common walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a valuable tree nut and a well-known member of the Juglandaceae family. Walnuts are the third most consumed nut in the world, and they are known for their high content of phenolic compounds [1,2]. Over the last two decades, much attention has been paid to characterizing the contents of phenolic compounds in various plant materials, as these can have beneficial effects on human health. Phenolic compounds can reduce the risk of cardiovascular and degenerative diseases by preventing oxidative stress and oxidation of biological macromolecules [2]. Numerous studies have demonstrated human health benefits of such bioactive compounds, in terms of potential protection against cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as showing anti-allergen, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, among others [2,3]. Phenolic compounds can be used effectively as functional ingredients in foods, as they prevent lipid oxidation, and mold and bacterial growth [4]
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