Identification and quantification of cyanobacterial toxins (microcystins) in two Moroccan drinking-water reservoirs (Mansour Eddahbi, Almassira)

Abstract

Mansour Eddahbi (MED) (30 degrees 55'N, 6 degrees 53'W) and Almassira (ALM) (31 degrees 95'N, 6 degrees 72'W) are two Moroccan lake reservoirs located at an arid and semi-arid hydrographic basin, respectively. Both are used for irrigation, recreational activities and drinking-water production. This paper deals with the characterization and quantification of microcystins (MC) from two Microcystis aeruginosa blooms occurring in those reservoirs. The toxicity of the blooms was confirmed and evaluated by both mouse and Artemia bioassays. The calculated LD50 values revealed that the MED bloom had a medium toxicity (LD50=358 mg kg(-1) body weight), whereas the ALM bloom had low toxicity (LD50=829 mg kg(-1) body weight). The 24-h LC50 values were 1.88 and 4.15 mg ml(-1) for the MED and ALM blooms, respectively, using Artemia assay. The identification and quantification of MC variants were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a photodiode array detector, and HPLC coupled to mass spectrometry. The MC content, as Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) equivalents, was higher in the MED bloom (64.4 microg g(-1) dry weight) than in the ALM bloom (9.9 microg g(-1) dry weight). Five MC variants were identified in the MED cyanobacteria bloom (MC-RR, MC-YR, MC-LR, MC-FR, and MC-WR) and only one (MC-LR) in the ALM bloom. The results show that the occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria blooms in the studied reservoirs may be regarded as a health hazard; therefore, cyanotoxin monitoring in them is highly recommended.