Abstract
Besides polioviruses, non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) may also be associated with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Because poliomyelitis is on the verge of eradication, more attention should be paid to study NPEVs from non-polio AFP cases and their epidemic patterns. In West African countries the epidemiology of NPEVs remains largely unexplored. We investigated the genetic diversity, frequency, circulation patterns, and molecular epidemiology of NPEVs in seven West African countries by analyzing retrospectively a panel of 3195 stool samples from children with AFP collected through routine poliomyelitis surveillance activities between 2013 and 2014. VP1 sequencing and typing on 201 isolates revealed 39 NPEV types corresponding to EV-A (6.9%), EV-B (90.5%), EV-C (2%) and EV-D (0.5%) species. Echoviruses were isolated most frequently with 138 cases (68.6%), followed by coxsackievirus group B with 35 cases (17.4%). No single NPEV type was remarkably dominant. Interestingly, several rarely described types with limited detection worldwide were identified (EVA76, EVA119, EVB75, EVB77, EVB97, EVC99, CVA20, CVA21 and EVD94). This study demonstrates the extensive diversity and diverse circulation patterns of NPEVs from AFP surveillance and highlights the need to formulate effective long-term strategies to monitor NPEV circulations in West Africa.
Highlights
Besides polioviruses, non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) may be associated with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)
3195 stool samples were collected during a 2-year period from 1600 children with AFP and tested for NPEV isolation
It aims to look for the circulation of wild-type and vaccine derived polioviruses in the community by systematic virus isolation from faeces samples of AFP cases[15]
Summary
Non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) may be associated with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Because poliomyelitis is on the verge of eradication, more attention should be paid to study NPEVs from non-polio AFP cases and their epidemic patterns. In West African countries the epidemiology of NPEVs remains largely unexplored. We investigated the genetic diversity, frequency, circulation patterns, and molecular epidemiology of NPEVs in seven West African countries by analyzing retrospectively a panel of 3195 stool samples from children with AFP collected through routine poliomyelitis surveillance activities between 2013 and 2014. No single NPEV type was remarkably dominant. In some cases, EVs are associated with severe and potentially fatal diseases that affect mostly infants and children such as aseptic meningitis (AM), myocarditis, encephalitis, or poliomyelitis-like acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)[1]. 7.5 kb and is composed of a single open reading frame (ORF) flanked by 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs)
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