Abstract
Lung cancer is still the most common cancer globally. Early screening remains the key to improve the prognosis of patients. There is currently a lack of specific and sensitive methods for early screening of lung cancer. In recent years, studies have found that microRNA plays an important role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer and become a biological target in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. In this study, lung cancer cells, subcutaneous xenografts of lung cancer in nude mice, and Lox-Stop-lox K-ras G12D transgenic mice were used as models. The transgenic mice displayed the dynamic processes from normal lung tissue to atypical hyperplasia, adenomas, carcinoma in situ and lung adenocarcinoma. It was found that miR-155 and somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) were expressed in all the disease stages of transgenic mice. Through molecular beacon (MB) technology and nanotechnology, chitosan-molecular beacon (CS-MB) nanoparticles and targeted octreotide (OCT) were conjugated and synthesized. The octreotide-conjugated chitosan-molecular beacon nanoparticles (CS-MB-OCT) can specifically bind to SSTR2 expressed by the lung cancer cells to achieve the goal of identification of lung cancer cells and imaging miR-155 in vivo and in vitro. Fluorescence imaging at different disease stages of lung cancer in Lox-Stop-lox K-ras G12D transgenic mice was performed, and could dynamically monitor the occurrence and development of lung cancer by different fluorescence intensity ranges. The current research, in turn, provides new idea, new method, and new technology for the early screening of lung cancer.
Highlights
Lung cancer is one of the leading reasons for cancer-related mortalities worldwide (Wang et al, 2017)
Polypeptides or macromolecular polymers can be used to modify the surface of nanomaterials, combine the passive targeting of nanomaterials with the active targeting of polypeptides, thereby improving the targeting of tumor cells (Kim et al, 2012; Lapa et al, 2016)
Anticancer experiments were conducted utilizing the octreotideconjugated polymeric prodrug of bufalin for targeted delivery to breast cancer (Liu et al, 2016) and in a different study paclitaxel-octreotide conjugates were used as selective-targeted chemotherapeutic agents for treating non-small cell lung cancer (Sun et al, 2007)
Summary
Lung cancer is one of the leading reasons for cancer-related mortalities worldwide (Wang et al, 2017). Due to lack of specific clinical manifestations in the early stage of lung cancer, most patients are diagnosed in the advanced stages. The early screening of lung cancer enables patients to obtain reasonable treatment at early stage and greatly reduce the cost of treatment and mortality. The common methods for early screening include thoracic low-dose spiral computed tomography, protein array, biomarker, the organic compounds detected in the breath (Pan et al, 2017; Du et al, 2018; Rocco et al, 2018), and so on. There is still lack of specific and sensitive molecular targets for early screening of lung cancer
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