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Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of a bacterial strain IITK SM2 isolated from an aquifer located in the middle Indo-Gangetic plain is reported here, along with its physiological, morphological, biochemical, and redox-transformation characteristics in the presence of dissolved arsenic (As). The aquifer exhibits oxidizing conditions relative to As speciation. Analyses based on 16S rRNA and recN sequences indicate that IITK SM2 was clustered with C. youngae NCTC 13708T and C. pasteuri NCTC UMH17T. However, WGS analyses using the digital DNA-DNA hybridization and Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology suggest that IITK SM2 belongs to a strain of C. youngae. This strain can effectively reduce As(V) to As(III) but cannot oxidize As(III) to As(V). It exhibited high resistance to As(V) [32,000 mg L−1] and As(III) [1,100 mg L−1], along with certain other heavy metals typically found in contaminated groundwater. WGS analysis also indicates the presence of As-metabolizing genes such as arsC, arsB, arsA, arsD, arsR, and arsH in this strain. Although these genes have been identified in several As(V)-reducers, the clustering of these genes in the forms of arsACBADR, arsCBRH, and an independent arsC gene has not been observed in any other Citrobacter species or other selected As(V)-reducing strains of Enterobacteriaceae family. Moreover, there were differences in the number of genes corresponding to membrane transporters, virulence and defense, motility, protein metabolism, phages, prophages, and transposable elements in IITK SM2 when compared to other strains. This genomic dataset will facilitate subsequent molecular and biochemical analyses of strain IITK SM2 to identify the reasons for high arsenic resistance in Citrobacter youngae and understand its role in As mobilization in middle Indo-Gangetic plain aquifers.
Highlights
The Citrobacter genus, which belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, was first described in 1932 [1]
The other set of filtered samples was left unacidified and was collected without headspace in 15 mL centrifuge tubes. This filtered-unacidified sample set was utilized for dissolved carbon analysis using total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer, and for the measurement of dissolved inorganic As(V) and As(III) using ion chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (IC-ICP-MS)
The Gram-negative, rod-shaped facultative anaerobe bacterial strain IITK SM2 could survive under high concentrations of dissolved As and could reduce As(V) to As(III)
Summary
The Citrobacter genus, which belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, was first described in 1932 [1]. 18 species of Citrobacter have been identified [2, 3] from varied sources like soil, water, sewage, feces, and intestinal gut of animals and humans [4, 5]. Members of Citrobacter are enteric Gram-negative and rod-shaped coliform bacteria with 1:0 × 2:0 – 6:0 μm in size [6]. Some strains of Citrobacter are opportunistic pathogens and can cause infections in immunocompromised patients [7]. It is often reported that Citrobacter species are the cause of meningitis in infants [8]. Among the different species of Citrobacter, C. youngae causes inflammation in the peritoneum, the membrane that
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