Abstract
The discovery of new viruses is important for predicting their potential threats to the health of humans and other animals. A novel picornavirus was identified from oral, throat, and anal swab samples collected from belugas (Delphinapterus leucas), from Dalian Sun Asia Tourism Holding Co., China, between January and December 2018, using a metagenomics approach. The genome of this novel PicoV-HMU-1 strain was 8197 nucleotides (nt) in length, with a open reading frame (from 1091 to 8074 nt) that encoded a polyprotein precursor of 2328 amino acids. Moreover, the genomic length and GC content of PicoV-HMU-1 were within the ranges found in other picornaviruses, and the genome organization was also similar. Nevertheless, PicoV-HMU-1 had a lower amino acid identity and distinct host species compared with other members of the Picornaviridae family. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the P1 and 3D amino acid sequences of PicoV-HMU-1 along with representative members of the Picornaviridae family, which showed that PicoV-HMU-1 was related to unclassified bat picornaviruses groups. These findings suggest that the PicoV-HMU-1 strain represents a potentially novel genus of picornavirus. These data can enhance our understanding of the picornavirus genetic diversity and evolution.
Highlights
Members of the family Picornaviridae are small, icosahedral, non-enveloped, positive-sense ( +) single-stranded RNA viruses that can cause various symptoms, ranging from mild febrile illness to severe diseases of the respiratory, cardiac, hepatic, mucocutaneous, and central nervous systems[1]
We analyzed by high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) a novel picornavirus identified in belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) from an aquarium
Morbillivirus infections have been detected in marine mammals in the Canadian arctic, as evidenced by the presence of neutralizing antibodies in walruses[11]
Summary
Members of the family Picornaviridae are small, icosahedral, non-enveloped, positive-sense ( +) single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses that can cause various symptoms, ranging from mild febrile illness to severe diseases of the respiratory, cardiac, hepatic, mucocutaneous, and central nervous systems[1]. According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (https://talk.ictvonline.org/), the family Picornaviridae, order Picornavirales, currently consists of 158 species grouped into 68 genera, which include the genera Aphthovirus (foot-andmouth disease virus), Cardiovirus (Cardiovirus A), Enterovirus (Enterovirus A and Rhinovirus A), Hepatovirus (Hepatovirus A), Limnipivirus (Limnipivirus A), and Parechovirus (Human parechovirus, Ljungan virus, and Sebokele virus). Picornaviruses belong to the family Picornaviridae (https://www.ictv.global/report/picornaviridae) and have a genome that is 6.7–10.1 kilobases in size and contain a single open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a large polyprotein that is cleaved into structural and non-structural proteins by viral proteases. Several novel picornaviruses were discovered within different hosts, including a novel picornavirus from Macaca mulatta in China identified by viral metagenomic analysis[4]. The discovery of novel picornavirus provides the foundation for virus traceability and evolutionary research. We analyzed by high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) a novel picornavirus identified in belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) from an aquarium
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