Abstract
Hypocotyl elongation is an early event in plant growth and development and is sensitive to fluctuations in light, temperature, water potential and nutrients. Most research on hypocotyl elongation has focused on the regulatory mechanism of a single environment factor. However, information about combined effects of multi‐environment factors remains unavailable, and overlapping sites of the environmental factors signaling pathways in the regulation of hypocotyl elongation remain unclear. To identify how cross‐talks among light intensity, temperature and water potential regulate hypocotyl elongation in Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinesis, a comprehensive isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation‐based proteomic approach was adopted. In total, 7259 proteins were quantified, and 378 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were responsive to all three environmental factors. The DEPs were involved in a variety of biochemical processes, including signal transduction, cytoskeletal organization, carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall organization, protein modification and transport. The DEPs did not function in isolation, but acted in a large and complex interaction network to affect hypocotyl elongation. Among the DEPs, phyB was outstanding for its significant fold change in quantity and complex interaction networks with other proteins. In addition, changes of sensitivity to environmental factors in phyB‐9 suggested a key role in the regulation of hypocotyl elongation. Overall, the data presented in this study show a profile of proteins interaction network in response to light intensity, temperature and water potential and provides molecular basis of hypocotyl elongation in B. rapa.
Highlights
Living in a complicated and changeable environment, higher plants have developed a sophisticated system to collect and integrate information provided by light, temperature, water potential, nutrients, and so on (Sun et al 2012, Toledo-Ortiz et al 2014)
Hypocotyl elongation induced by high water potential was significant across the entire range (−0.38, −0.27, −0.15, −0.10, −0.05 MPa), and the increases in hypocotyl length were larger when the water potential improved from −0.38 to −015 MPa than when the water potential ranged from −0.15 to −0.05 MPa (Fig. 2C)
The influence of light intensity on hypocotyl elongation was highly dependent on temperature and water potential, and the maximum increase in hypocotyl length induced by the low light (50 μmol m−2 s−1) occurred at 29∘C and −0.05 MPa
Summary
Living in a complicated and changeable environment, higher plants have developed a sophisticated system to collect and integrate information provided by light, temperature, water potential, nutrients, and so on (Sun et al 2012, Toledo-Ortiz et al 2014). Abbreviations – 2-DE, 2-dimentional electrophoresis; β-GLU, β-glucosidase; ACN, acetonitrile; CCOMT, caffeoyl-O-methyltransferase; COP1, constitutive photomorphogenic 1; DEPs, differentially expressed proteins; GO, gene ontology; HY5, elongated hypocotyl 5; iTRAQ, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation; LC/LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; PCAP1, plasma-membrane-associated cation-binding protein 1; phyB, phytochrome B; PIF4, photochrome interacting factor 4; RPLC, reversed-phase liquid chromatography. To protect seedlings from over-elongating and improve our understanding of the hypocotyl elongation mechanism, extensive researches have been conducted and some key signaling factors have been revealed, such as PHYTOCHROME B (PhyB), CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), PHOTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and so on (Franklin et al 2011, Sun et al 2012, Lu et al 2015, Ma et al 2016)
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