Abstract
The rice grasshopper Oxya chinensis is an important agricultural pest of rice and other gramineous plants. Chemosensory genes are crucial factors in direct interactions with odorants in the olfactory process. Here we identified genes encoding 18 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 13 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 94 olfactory receptors (ORs), 12 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and two sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) from O. chinensis using an transcriptomic approach. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR assays revealed that six OBP-encoding genes (OchiOBP4, 5, 8, 9, 10, and 14), one CSP gene (OchiOBP10) and two IR genes (OchiIR28 and 29) were exclusively expressed in antennae, suggesting their roles in olfaction. Real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed that genes expressed exclusively or predominantly in antennae also displayed significant differences in expression levels between males and females. Among the differentially expressed genes, 17 OR-encoding genes, one CSP- and one SNMP-gene showed female-biased expression, suggesting that they may be involved in some female-specific behaviors such as seeking oviposition site; whereas the three remaining OR-encoding genes showed male-biased expression, indicating their possible roles in sensing female sex pheromones. Our results laid a solid foundation for future studies to reveal olfactory mechanisms as well as designing strategies for controlling this rice pest.
Highlights
Olfaction plays an important role in regulating various physiological behaviors, such as foraging, mating, oviposition and avoiding predators (Leal, 2013)
The process of olfactory perception is mediated by a series of peripheral olfactory proteins involving odorantbinding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), olfactory receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs), and ionotropic receptors (IRs) (Clyne et al, 1999, 2000; Vosshall et al, 1999; Galindo and Smith, 2001; Benton et al, 2007, 2009; Vieira and Rozas, 2011)
Members of the IR families have been identified in L. migratoria (32 IRs) (Wang et al, 2015) and O. asiaticus (6 IRs) (Zhou et al, 2019), the OBP families in S. gregaria (14 OBPs) (Jiang et al, 2017), Oedaleus infernalis (18 OBPs) (Zhang et al, 2018) and O. asiaticus (15 OBPs) (Zhou et al, 2019), the CSP families in L. migratoria (58 CSPs) and S. gregaria (42 CSPs) (Martin-Blazquez et al, 2017), and SNMP families in S. gregaria (2 SNMPs) (Jiang et al, 2016) and O. asiaticus (3 SNMPs) (Zhou et al, 2019)
Summary
Olfaction plays an important role in regulating various physiological behaviors, such as foraging, mating, oviposition and avoiding predators (Leal, 2013). The process of olfactory perception is mediated by a series of peripheral olfactory proteins involving odorantbinding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), olfactory receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs), and ionotropic receptors (IRs) (Clyne et al, 1999, 2000; Vosshall et al, 1999; Galindo and Smith, 2001; Benton et al, 2007, 2009; Vieira and Rozas, 2011). OBPs and CSPs are suggested to be involve in binding and trafficking of hydrophobic odorant molecules across the sensillum lymph surrounding the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) on the sensilla of antennae and Olfactory Genes in O. chinensis Antennae other chemosensory organs (Vogt et al, 1985; Sandler et al, 2000; Xu et al, 2005; Gomez-Diaz et al, 2013). Additional Orthoptera species need to be investigated to reach a better understanding on olfactory receptive mechanisms for insect olfactory system
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