Abstract
BackgroundThe Chinese white wax scale insect, Ericerus pela, is a well-known resource insect. The females and males are dramatically distinct at each developmental stage. We sought to identify suitable reference genes to use as internal controls in molecular research on E. plea.ResultsgeNorm, RefFinder and Normfinder analyses showed that ßTub-2 was the best reference gene throughout different developmental stages; SdhA-1 was the most stable reference gene in different tissues, and ßTub-1 was the most reliable reference gene under treatment with different temperatures. The results also showed that the optimal number of reference genes for analyzing target gene expression levels in the three experimental conditions was two.ConclusionsThe identified reference genes are suitable reference genes for normalization in RT-qPCR of E. pela samples.
Highlights
The Chinese white wax scale insect, Ericerus pela, is a well-known resource insect
The objective of this study was to identify suitable reference genes to use as internal controls in molecular research on E. pela
Different developmental stages geNorm analysis indicated that the M values for all of the reference genes were below 1.5
Summary
The Chinese white wax scale insect, Ericerus pela, is a well-known resource insect. The females and males are dramatically distinct at each developmental stage. We sought to identify suitable reference genes to use as internal controls in molecular research on E. plea. The Chinese white wax scale insect, Ericerus pela, is a well-known resource insect species, owing to its role in wax production and has been bred in China for over one thousand years. White wax, produced by the male second-instar larvae, is widely used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and cosmetics industries. Females and males are dramatically distinct at each developmental stage. The females undergo neotenous development, Many ecological and biological studies have been performed to determine the biological characteristics and wax production of E. pela in recent decades, because of the species’ economic importance. To determine suitable reference genes for fluorescence real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) experiments in E. pela, we selected fifteen commonly used reference genes (Table 1) and tested their expression levels using
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