Identification and Determination of the Components of Garden Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Essential Oil, Isolated by Different Extraction Methods

Abstract

We studied the component composition of the essential oil of garden sage (Salvia officinalis L.), obtained by various extraction methods. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and subcritical CO2 extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and subcritical extraction with solid-phase and liquid–liquid preconcentration. The components were identified by comparing the recorded mass spectra with the spectra of individual compounds and the data of the NIST07 and WILEY8 data bases. For all extraction methods, the major essential oil components were 1,8-cineole, camphor, α-thujone, β-thujone, borneol, 4-terpineol, β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide, and viridiflorol. The concentration of analytes in the extracts varied depending on the extraction method. In total, 104 components were identified in the extracts, of which 30 were extracted by hydrodistillation, 32 by subcritical CO2 extraction, 14 by supercritical fluid extraction, 46 and 62 by subcritical extraction with solid-phase and liquid–liquid extraction into the organic phase. An increase in the number of components in more stringent extraction methods as compared to hydrodistillation showed that, in the extracts, a deeper decomposition of macrocomponents might take place, except for camphor.