Abstract
Identification of Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr., the causal agent of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) loose smut disease using the Random Amplified Polymorphic (DNA) markers is faster and easier than using of the traditional methods (differential cultivars),where identify physio-logical races may needs several years. Also, at the two locations, Giza and Sakha Agricultural Research Stations, several effectors were tested to find out their effectiveness in ridding the grains of the fungus that resides inside them, i.e. (soaking in some natural oils, exposure to Gamma ray and dressing with some new fungicides). Between nine effectors that were tested, two only (Raxil and Simasol) proved to have the highest degree of efficacy (up to 100%), Hattric and pine oil were the most effective treatments (98.4 and 97.9%, respectively). Gamma radiation at 250 Gy followed by clove oil and castor oil changed reactions to moderately resistant against U. nuda. Infection of barley seed caused significant differences among all studied plant traits.
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