Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (POA) is a monounsaturated n-7 fatty acid (16:1 n-7) that is active in modulating cardiovascular and metabolic processes. POA-structured phospholipids, diglycerides, and triglycerides (POA-PL, -DG, -TG) are abundantly present in marine life. In this study, POA and POA-lipids contained in crude lipids in visceral by-products of six seafood products (n = 6 for each sample) were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography Q-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE/MS). The results showed that sardine contains the highest percentage of POA (12.47 %), followed by bigeye tuna (7.31 %), whereas silver pomfret contains the lowest percentage (5.76 %) in total lipids. Nine POA-PLs, eight POA-DGs, and 64 POA-TGs were detected, the PCA analysis showed that although the molecular composition six fish species was similar, their relative content varied significantly across the species. The correlation heatmap showed critical POA-PL and POA-DG/TG correlation coefficients and revealed several highly correlated ions. The presence and ratio of POA-PL and POA-DG/TG molecular species led to the identification of each fish species. These findings improve the understanding of the composition of POA-lipids contained in marine by-products and provide a reference for their comprehensive exploitation.
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