Abstract
BackgroundBiotic and abiotic stresses, such as powdery mildew infection and high temperature, are important limiting factors for yield and grain quality in wheat production. Emerging evidences suggest that long non-protein coding RNAs (npcRNAs) are developmentally regulated and play roles in development and stress responses of plants. However, identification of long npcRNAs is limited to a few plant species, such as Arabidopsis, rice and maize, no systematic identification of long npcRNAs and their responses to abiotic and biotic stresses is reported in wheat.ResultsIn this study, by using computational analysis and experimental approach we identified 125 putative wheat stress responsive long npcRNAs, which are not conserved among plant species. Among them, some were precursors of small RNAs such as microRNAs and siRNAs, two long npcRNAs were identified as signal recognition particle (SRP) 7S RNA variants, and three were characterized as U3 snoRNAs. We found that wheat long npcRNAs showed tissue dependent expression patterns and were responsive to powdery mildew infection and heat stress.ConclusionOur results indicated that diverse sets of wheat long npcRNAs were responsive to powdery mildew infection and heat stress, and could function in wheat responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses, which provided a starting point to understand their functions and regulatory mechanisms in the future.
Highlights
Biotic and abiotic stresses, such as powdery mildew infection and high temperature, are important limiting factors for yield and grain quality in wheat production
We found that 23 long non-protein coding RNAs (npcRNA) responded to both powdery mildew infection and heat stress
Long npcRNAs corresponding to signal recognition particle (SRP) and snoRNAs We found that 52 powdery mildew infection responsive and 66 heat stress responsive long npcRNAs could execute their functions in the form of long molecules, among which 21 transcripts were responsive to both stress treatments (Additional file 1)
Summary
Biotic and abiotic stresses, such as powdery mildew infection and high temperature, are important limiting factors for yield and grain quality in wheat production. Emerging evidences suggest that long non-protein coding RNAs (npcRNAs) are developmentally regulated and play roles in development and stress responses of plants. Transcriptome profiling in rice (Oryza sativa) indicates that there are about 8400 putative npcRNAs, which do not overlap with any predicted open reading frames (ORFs) [4] These npcRNAs are subdivided as housekeeping npcRNAs (such as transfer and ribosomal RNAs) and regulatory npcRNAs or riboregulators, with the latter being further divided into short regulatory npcRNAs (300 bp in length). With the identification of microRNAs and siRNAs in diverse organisms, increasing evidences indicate that these short npcRNAs play important roles in development, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses by cleavage of target mRNAs or by interfering with translation of target genes [5,6,7,8,9]
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