Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize and evaluate the anti-cancer activity of proanthocyanidin-enriched fractions from adzuki beans. For this purpose, we concentrated proanthocyanidins from adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) into five fractions using Amberlite XAD-1180N, Toyopearl HW40F, and Sepacore C-18 reverse-phase flash column chromatography. Proanthocyanidin-enriched fractions were characterized as (epi)catechin hexamer, heptamer, and octamer, epigallocatechin-(epi)catechin pentamer, and epigallocatechin-(epi)catechin hexamer using electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and thiolytic degradation. These fractions showed significant anti-cancer activity against the human PC-3 prostate cancer cell line. They also significantly suppressed the expression of the fatty acid-binding protein 5 gene, which plays critical roles in cell growth and metastasis in prostate cancer.
Highlights
Adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) are an important legume that are used in traditional foods such as confectionaries (e.g., Wagashi, Manju, and Yokan) in Japan
Sometimes these compounds contain epigallocatechin and/or gallate. These compounds showed significant cytotoxic activity against the human PC-3 prostate cancer cell line. They suppressed the expression of the cancer-promoting gene, fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) [12,13]
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on characterization of proanthocyanidin-enriched fractions from adzuki beans, which have structures ranging from epicatechin trimer to nonamer and can contain the pyrogallol moiety
Summary
Adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) are an important legume that are used in traditional foods such as confectionaries (e.g., Wagashi, Manju, and Yokan) in Japan. They are cultivated in Japan and other East Asian countries. Proanthocyanidins are a class of oligomeric or polymeric phenol compounds that contain flavan-3-ol units They show a wide variety of biological activities such as suppression of endothelin 1 synthesis [3], anti-inflammatory activity [4], and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. The structure of proanthocyanidin consists of a catechin and/or epicatechin polymer linked through 4–8 or 4–6 interflavan bonds Sometimes these compounds contain epigallocatechin and/or gallate. They suppressed the expression of the cancer-promoting gene, fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) [12,13]
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