Abstract
The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) play important roles in plant signal transduction and response to abiotic stress. Plants of Medicago genus contain many important forages, and their growth is often affected by a variety of abiotic stresses. However, studies on the CBL and CIPK family member and their function are rare in Medicago. In this study, a total of 23 CBL and 58 CIPK genes were identified from the genome of Medicago sativa as an important forage crop, and Medicaog truncatula as the model plant. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these CBL and CIPK genes could be classified into five and seven groups, respectively. Moreover, these genes/proteins showed diverse exon-intron organizations, architectures of conserved protein motifs. Many stress-related cis-acting elements were found in their promoter region. In addition, transcriptional analyses showed that these CBL and CIPK genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in various tissues, and in response to drought, salt, and abscisic acid treatments. In particular, the expression levels of MtCIPK2 (MsCIPK3), MtCIPK17 (MsCIPK11), and MtCIPK18 (MsCIPK12) were significantly increased under PEG, NaCl, and ABA treatments. Collectively, our study suggested that CBL and CIPK genes play crucial roles in response to various abiotic stresses in Medicago.
Highlights
Plants are exposed to various adverse environment stresses during their growth and development process, including high salinity, drought, cold, and pathogens
The encoded protein length of Ms/Mt calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) and Ms/Mt CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) genes range from 173–336/191–257 aa and 207–519/237–518 aa
We found the corresponding molecular weight (MW) of Ms/Mt CBL and Ms/Mt CIPK ranged from 19.49–38.24/21.89– 29.50 kDa and 25.00–58.00/23.36–57.89 kDa
Summary
Plants are exposed to various adverse environment stresses during their growth and development process, including high salinity, drought, cold, and pathogens. Plants have evolved complex signal transduction pathways to cope with these fluctuating environments during their life cycle [1]. An important second messenger in plant cell signaling, involves various signal transduction pathways [2]. Calcium is able to convert external signals into cytoplasmic information to further drive the response to specific stimuli [3]. Calcium signals are mainly perceived by Ca2+ sensors, including calmodulins (CAMs), calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), and the plant-specific calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) [4]. The CBLs belong to a unique group of calcium sensors in plants that can be targeted by CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) to transduce the perceived calcium signal upon various stimulations. CBLs and CIPKs together form the Ca2+-mediated CBL-CIPK network [5]
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