Identification and analysis of the expression of genes, involved in insulin signals transmission in the development of experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a significant concern due to its high prevalence and impact on global health. Ongoing scientific research aims to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of diabetes and devise effective strategies for its treatment. This involves the development of new pharmacological treatments, including novel antidiabetic drugs, and the exploration of individualized approaches to therapy. The mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes are intricate, involving various aspects of physiology and biochemistry. Gaining insight into the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus through modern laboratory diagnostic methods is crucial for the development of effective treatment and prevention strategies for diabetes. The aim of the study is to identify and analyze a panel of genes, involved in insulin signals transmission in the development of experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The analysis of gene expression involved in insulin signal transmission was conducted using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) on the CFX-96 Touch™ system (Bio-Rad, USA). The RT2Profiler™ PCR Array Rat Diabetes kit (QIAGEN, Germany) was employed for this purpose. Results. Based on the study results, the activity of the genes involved in insulin signal transmission can be categorized as follows: genes with low expression compared to the control group of animals, where ∆∆Ct <30 (Akt2, Mapk14, Pik3r1); genes in which no significant changes were detected in the samples compared to the control group (Irs1, Irs2, Pik3cd); no genes with high expression were observed compared to the control group. Conclusions. In the development of experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus, genes involved in insulin signal transmission (Akt2, Mapk14, Pik3r1) exhibited significantly low expression levels (Akt2 – 2.9, Mapk14 – 5.01, Pik3r1 – 8.87) where ∆∆Ct <30, compared to the control group of animals. Conversely, no significant changes were observed in the expression of genes Irs1, Irs2, Pik3cd, also involved in insulin signal transmission, during the development of experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus, compared to the control group of experimental animals.