Abstract
In this paper the role of clusters in industrial policy of regions is regarded. The main approaches to the identification of industrial clusters have been analyzed and the reasoning of the use of these approaches' tools has been given by the example of the instrumentation industry cluster of Saint Petersburg. The results of the formation of the cluster structure of instrument industry by the types of economic activity have been presented. The structure of the instrument industry cluster has been analyzed. The results of the calculation of the cluster forces by the statistics of employment in the territory of Russia have been presented. The peculiarities of the structure of the Russian instrument industry cluster have been formulated and regions of its localization have been defined.
Highlights
At the moment under the conditions of the increasing global competition, which covers the traditional markets for goods, capitals, technology and labor force, and the system of national management, support for innovation, human potential development, especially important is the question of the formation of a new system of management, providing for the establishment new principles and mechanisms of regional policies, focused on the identification and development of competitive advantages of a region in order to enhance its investment attractiveness, the development of innovative potential, creation new work places, increase of production together with the improving of its quality characteristics, which will enhance the national competitiveness and the growth of national welfare
Having summarized the work of Russian and foreign researchers devoted to cluster analysis, we can distinguish two main approaches to identify clusters (Kutcenko, E. (2009); Caplin, A. (2013)): so-called the "bottom" according to which clusters are identified in a particular territory on the basis of the presence of well-known companies and industries leaders; the "top" approach, which involves the search of spatial localization of industries, oriented to specific economic activities
As an illustration of the proposed integrated methodology of cluster analysis we may present the key excerpts from the results of the research instrument industry cluster of Saint Petersburg
Summary
At the moment under the conditions of the increasing global competition, which covers the traditional markets for goods, capitals, technology and labor force, and the system of national management, support for innovation, human potential development, especially important is the question of the formation of a new system of management, providing for the establishment new principles and mechanisms of regional policies, focused on the identification and development of competitive advantages of a region in order to enhance its investment attractiveness, the development of innovative potential, creation new work places, increase of production together with the improving of its quality characteristics, which will enhance the national competitiveness and the growth of national welfare In this regard, special attention is given to the cluster approach as a new way of seeing of the national economy Porter believes that geographical scale of a cluster can vary from one city or state to a country or even a number of neighboring countries
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