Identification and Analysis of Common Target Proteins for Vector Borne Diseases Using Bioinformatics Approach

Abstract

Arboviral diseases are major burdens on the health of individual. Most common Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya are transmitted by day biting mosquitoes. These diseases are directly or indirectly connected with each other through interrelated associate genes and proteins. It’s essential to determine common target protein among these diseases using Bioinformatics approach. Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) enzyme is common protein among diseases, but its pathogenic functions are different in all three diseases. PDI has three catalytic domains which has catalytic and pathophysiological function. PDI consists of four thioredoxin like domain i.e. abb’a’ where a and a’ shows sequence similarity to Trx domain and contains two cys-x-x-cys active site. The b and b’ are inactive domain which shows structural similarity to Trx without significant sequence homology. In malaria causing Plasmodium falciparum, PDI is present at different location of the chromosome such as pfPDI-8, pfPDI-9, pfPDI-11, pfPDI-14. In dengue, association of endothelial cell and PDI attached platelets by P-selectin, E-selectin and PSGL-1like mediator which leads to generation of Anti-DV NS1 which inhibit PDI function. In chikungunya, Alphaviruses require PDI for proper folding and assembly of E1 & E2 envelop glycoprotein because of formation of disulfide bond and isomerization of protein. Thus, PDI is an important and common protein that can be targeted for designing of common drug. So, the present study focuses on the regulation of PDI function with the help of phytochemicals of readily available plants or plant products like pomegranate, green tea, garlic, sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua). Here, we carried out molecular docking studies and probable interactions between amino acids and phytochemicals based on distance between atoms after successful docking.