Abstract
For the full use of fish by-products to produce antioxidant peptides, skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) heads generated during can processing were defatted and hydrolyzed using the in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion (pepsin–trypsin system) method and six antioxidant peptides (P1 to P6) were purified from the head hydrolysate (KPH) using ultrafiltration and serial chromatography methods. Six isolated peptides (P1 to P6) were identified as Val-Glu-Glu (VEE, P1), Trp-Met-Phe-Asp-Trp (WMFDW, P2), Asp-Ala-Gly-Pro-Tyr-Gly-Pro-Ile (DAGPYGPI, P3), Trp-Met-Gly-Pro-Tyr (WMGPY, P4), Glu-Arg-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-His (ERGPLGPH, P5), and Glu-Met- Gly-Pro-Ala (EMGPA, P6), respectively, using a protein sequencer and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer. Among skipjack tuna head hydrolysates, fractions, and six isolated peptides (P1 to P6), WMFDW (P2), WMGPY (P4), and EMGPA (P6) showed the highest radical scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (EC50 values of 0.31, 0.33, and 0.46 mg/mL for WMFDW, WMGPY, and EMGPA, respectively), hydroxyl (EC50 values of 0.30, 0.43, and 0.52 mg/mL for WMFDW, WMGPY, and EMGPA, respectively), and superoxide anion (EC50 values of 0.56, 0.38, and 0.71 mg/mL for WMFDW, WMGPY, and EMGPA, respectively). Moreover, WMFDW, WMGPY, and EMGPA showed strong capability in reducing power and lipd peroxidation inhibition in the linoleic acid system. In addition, WMFDW, WMGPY, and EMGPA can retain strong antioxidant activity at temperatures lower than 60 °C and pH values ranged from 5 to 9. The results showed that six isolated peptides (P1 to P6) from skipjack tuna heads, especially WMFDW, WMGPY, and EMGPA, might be applied in health care products acting as powerful antioxidant agents.
Highlights
Bioactive peptides generally range in molecular size from 2 to 20 amino acid residues and show a large number of potential physiologic functions within biological bodies, such as antioxidant, opioid, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, antithrombotic, and antibacterial activities [1,2,3,4].The identification, quantitation and activity evaluation of food-derived bioactive peptides are very important for the characterization of its production, biological value and benefits for consumer health [5,6]
The data demonstrated that skipjack tuna heads were suitable for the production of bioactive peptides due to their high protein content
The results indicated that the in vitro GI digestion model was effective in preparing bioactive peptides of skipjack tuna heads
Summary
Bioactive peptides generally range in molecular size from 2 to 20 amino acid residues and show a large number of potential physiologic functions within biological bodies, such as antioxidant, opioid, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, antithrombotic, and antibacterial activities [1,2,3,4].The identification, quantitation and activity evaluation of food-derived bioactive peptides are very important for the characterization of its production, biological value and benefits for consumer health [5,6]. Bioactive peptides generally range in molecular size from 2 to 20 amino acid residues and show a large number of potential physiologic functions within biological bodies, such as antioxidant, opioid, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, antithrombotic, and antibacterial activities [1,2,3,4]. Antioxidant peptides (APs) derived from aquatics and their byproducts, such as the heads and viscera of sardinella [14], skin and viscera of cuttlefish [15], carcass and viscera of Nile tilapia [16], heads and skins of bluefin leatherjacket (Navodon septentrionalis) [6,12], and swim bladders and muscle of miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) [8,17], have attracted much investigative and public interests because they can positively influence health in the body and have huge potential applied in functional and health products [5,18]. A pentapeptide of YGDEY from tilapia gelatin hydrolysates can inhibit ultraviolet B (UVB)-mediated skin photoaging by decreased MMP-1 (collagenase) and MMP-9
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