Abstract

The possibility of accurately inferring the external forces applied to a vehicle can directly contribute to better safety systems and thus lowers the chance of injury or loss of life. These external forces are applied to a vehicle through the tyres and are challenging to measure directly. Still, it is possible to measure acceleration, deformation, or strain on the inner surface of a tyre. These measurements are theorized to be strongly linked to the forces produced by the tyre. However, it is still unknown whether or not one can always identify external forces from internal measurements in this way. Research has mainly focused on obtaining estimates of tyre forces rather than establishing to what extent these tyre forces are identifiable. This paper investigates this by conducting a virtual experiment that simulates known external forces applied to the tyre and computes the strains and displacements inside the tyre. A virtual inverse simulation then recovers the external forces from either the deformation or strain computed on the inside of the tyre. The identifiability of the forces recovered by the virtual inverse simulation is investigated by adding artificial measurement noise and initial guess perturbations to quantify the variance in the identified forces.

Highlights

  • Vehicle safety is improved with the addition of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems which take over from human inputs to prevent or reduce the effect of accidents

  • Uncertainty in the deformation measurements, one can expect that the standard deviation of the uncertainty in the force distribution is less than 6% of the total force predicted for the test case

  • This work aimed to determine the degree to which external forces on a tyre can be identified from the deformations or strains on the inside of the tyre

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Summary

Introduction

Vehicle safety is improved with the addition of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems which take over from human inputs to prevent or reduce the effect of accidents. Of all the sensing options, an optical approach is the most attractive as the full-field deformation and strain field of the inner surface of the tyre can be measured. Both these fields are theorized to be strongly correlated to the external forces applied to the tyre. There is limited research regarding whether or not these systems can be used to identify tyre force in general rather than in specific cases It is unknown whether a measured displacement or strain field corresponds to a unique force distribution at the tyre-road interface. The study includes aleatoric uncertainty by adding artificial measurement noise and initial guess perturbations to quantify the variance in the identified forces

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