Abstract
IntroductionIdelalisib is approved for the treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia together with Rituximab and for monotherapy of follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma. It is a potent and selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-δ (PI3K-δ) inhibitor. PI3K-δ primarily is expressed in B-cells and prevents effectively proliferation in malignant B-cells.MethodsWe provide a detailed report on treatment history and photo documentation of acute adverse effects of radiation therapy with simultaneous Idelalisib medication in one case of B-CLL. Radiosensitivity tests were performed for the index patient under Idelalisib and after the addition of Idelalisib to healthy individuals’ blood. Radiosensitivity in human lymphocytes was analyzed with a three color in situ hybridization assay. Primary skin fibroblasts were studied after a treatment with Idelalisib for apoptosis, necrosis and cell cycle using flow cytometry. DNA double-strand break repair was analyzed by γH2AX immunostaining.ResultsThe index patient presented a strong grade 2 radiodermatitis and grade 3 mucositis after irradiation with 20 Gy and a simultaneous intake of Idelalisib. Irradiations without Idelalisib medication were well tolerated and resulted in not more than grade 1 radiodermatitis. The index patient under Idelalisib had a radiosensitivity of 0.62 B/M which is in the range of clearly radiosensitive patients. A combined treatment of lymphocytes with 2 Gy and 10 nmol/l Idelalisib showed a tendency to an increased radiosensitivity. We found a clear increase of apoptosis as a result of the combined treatment in the Idelalisib dose range of 1 to 100 nmol/l compared to solely irradiated cells or solely Idelalisib treated cells (p = 0.05).ConclusionA combined Idelalisib radiotherapy treatment has an increased risk of side effects. However, combined therapy seems to be feasible when patients are monitored closely.
Highlights
Idelalisib is approved for the treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia together with Rituximab and for monotherapy of follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma
Idelalisib is a potent and selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-δ (PI3K-δ) inhibitor. It is approved for the treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia together with Rituximab and for the monotherapy of follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma [1]
We found a clear increase of apoptosis at the combined treatment in the Idelalisib dose range of 1 to 100 nmol/l compared to solely irradiated cells or solely Idelalisib treated cells (p < 0.05) (Fig. 3b)
Summary
Idelalisib is approved for the treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia together with Rituximab and for monotherapy of follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma. Idelalisib is a potent and selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-δ (PI3K-δ) inhibitor. It is approved for the treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia together with Rituximab and for the monotherapy of follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma [1]. PI3K-δ is essential for antigen-induced B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling.
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