I-DEEC: improved DEEC for blanket coverage in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Event critical applications demand blanket coverage. On the other hand, nodes closer to the base station are exploited as they have to spend additional energy in relaying data of far away nodes. This brings in the idea of implementing blanket coverage in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. I-DEEC improvises distributed energy efficient clustering (DEEC) by deploying network nodes in two layers. Layer 1 strategically tessellate hexagons to deploy nodes as normal or super nodes based on distance from the base station, considering the high data requirement within hop distance around the base station. Layer 2 randomly deploys advanced nodes with condition that no two advanced nodes sense the same area. Further, it uses the sum of the ratio of node’s distance to the base station along with residual energy ratio to calculate the possibility of a node to be selected as a cluster head, followed by the selection of the optimal percentage high possibility nodes as cluster heads. I-DEEC provisions blanket coverage by extending the stability period by reducing the ratio between initial energy of different types of nodes. I-DEEC revamps DEEC protocol in terms of network lifetime, percentage area coverage, throughput, and residual energy.