Ideal cardiovascular health associated with fatty liver: Results from a multi-ethnic survey

Abstract

Background and aimsLittle is known about the role of liver enzymes as predictors of non-liver-related morbidity and mortality. The ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) score proposed by the American Heart Association (AHA) can be used to predict mortality and morbidity. We investigated the association of the CVH score with liver enzymes and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among US adults. MethodsBy using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database (cross-sectional), the CVH score was calculated as meeting ideal levels of the following components: 4 behaviors (smoking, body mass index, physical activity and diet adherence) and 3 factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting glucose). ResultsIndividuals with a higher CVH score (“better CVH”) had a more favorable profile of liver biomarkers. Adjusted (for age, gender, race, poverty to income ratio, education, marital status and alcohol intake) linear regression indicated significant and negative associations between liver biomarkers and CVH score: (β = −0.069, p < 0.001) for alanine aminotransferase, (β = −0.095, p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase, (β = −0.067, p < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase and (β = −0.125, p < 0.001) and fatty liver index. In the logistic regression, with the same confounders, individuals with a higher CVH score had 12% less likelihood of NAFLD compared with those with a lower score. Furthermore, each CVH metric separately was inversely linked to the risk of NAFLD. ConclusionsFor the first time among US adults, our findings shed light on the role CVH on liver biomarkers.