Abstract
TDD with programmable intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) has been approved for chronic malignant and nonmalignant pain treatment since 1991 and severe spasticity since 1992. Intrathecal inflammatory mass (IM) is a known risk of intrathecally delivered opioid compound. IM’s, or granulomas, are sterile masses that develop proximal to the intrathecal (IT) catheter tip, consisting of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts. Rates of IM have been decreasing over time. We conjecture that this is due to education, research, and changes in clinical practice with reduction of drug concentrations and dosing.
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