Abstract
Recently, evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) has gained attention as both a research tool and to deliver closed-loop targeted spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Historically, neural components of ECAPs are very prone to misinterpretation outside of tightly controlled experimental settings, due to confounding variables such as motion artifact, extended capacitive decay of the stimulation artifact, filter ringing, and activated muscles causing electromyographic (EMG) bleed-through. In this study, we characterized how the relative position of the recording and stimulating electrodes with respect to the root and rootlets entering the spinal cord, impacts direct and indirect efferent activation of the back muscles and capacitive decay of the stimulation artifact, distorting the calculation of the ECAP components in spinal recordings.
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