ID: 207357 Neuromodulation, Mechanism of Action, With Pathophysiological Correlation in Non-Painful Conditions: Literature Review of Current Evidence

Abstract

Neuromodulation is an evolving field for both painful and non-painful conditions. Pharmacotherapy has become increasingly more advanced and targeted, yet some patients are intolerant to side effects rendering it less beneficial. Numerous studies have focused on neuromodulation techniques aimed at treating painful conditions, which show consistent data on pain reduction and beneficial long-term outcomes. Neuromodulation for pain has been proposed to work via stimulation of GABA-ergic or cholinergic neurons, which synapse on and inhibit neurons carrying painful signals. This method of activating specific neurons has been highly effective for pain; therefore, we focused on better understanding its uses for non-painful conditions such as peripheral arterial disease (PAD), urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), and Parkinson disease (PD). Thus, we performed a PubMed literature search pertaining to the use of neuromodulatory therapies for common diseases typically treated with medications.