Abstract

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition that profoundly affects health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a well-established therapy for chronic pain. SCS effectiveness has been limited, however, by the inability to directly measure the neural response elicited by electrical stimulation, precluding confirmation of neural activation and continuous therapy. A novel SCS system measures the spinal cord neural response through evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) to produce a real-time physiological closed-loop system. Hereby, the two-year results of the EVOKE study are presented.

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