Abstract
Testicular and epididymal sperm may not result in equivalent fertilization and pregnancy outcomes (Nagy et al., 1995). It is frequently reported that fertilization and pregnancy outcomes are lower when using testicular sperm for ICSI instead of epididymal or ejaculated sperm (Rossin-Amar et al., 2000). The objectives of this study were: 1) to confirm that clinical outcomes are better when using epididymal- or low-concentration ejaculated sperm for ICSI and 2) to determine if impaired clinical outcomes when using testicular sperm for ICSI can be related to a commonly lower available concentration in the sample when compared with that available in epididymal and ejaculated sperm samples.
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