Abstract
This work was partly supported by the Suðurnes Regional Development Fund under grant no. 34/2017. One of the authors (ARE) received two grants for stays for research staff in foreign centers from the University of Alicante (2018) and from the Generalitat Valenciana (BEST-2019 program).
Highlights
Ascidians (Chordata: Tunicata) represent an important taxon of the nonindigenous species (NIS) worldwide (Lambert 2007) and have been suggested as good models for invasion success (Zhan et al 2015)
The four remaining species found in the present study are considered native in Iceland: Ascidia callosa, Styela rustica, Halocynthia pyriformis and Molgula citrina
The colony and the zooids respond to the description of Millar (1966): gelatinous and transparent test, without spicules, and zooids with 4 rows of stigmata, without languet. They are immature zooids, that colony corresponds to the genus Diplosoma; and the unique species widely distributed in northeastern Atlantic is D. listerianum (Millar 1966, 1970; Lafargue 1975)
Summary
Ascidians (Chordata: Tunicata) represent an important taxon of the nonindigenous species (NIS) worldwide (Lambert 2007) and have been suggested as good models for invasion success (Zhan et al 2015). The appearance of some species at great distance from their native distribution range can only be explained by the intervention of man, through maritime traffic (hull fouling, ballast-water) and bivalve translocations for aquaculture (Monniot and Monniot 1983, 1994; Carlton and Geller 1993; Lambert 2001, 2002). In man-made environments, such as ports, marinas, as well as shell-fish aquaculture facilities, the non-indigenous. Ascidians find adequate conditions to survive and resist in. From there they can expand locally through maritime traffic. That affects cold regions in altering biological interactions, may increase the likelihood of invasions by NIS (Dijkstra et al 2011)
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