Abstract
Freeze injury to the foot muscle of the intertidal pulmonate gastropod, Melampus bidentatus was examined by light microscopy using a technique which allowed fixation of the tissues at subzero temperatures. Exposure of snails to −5 or −10 °C (above the lower lethal temperature) resulted in no apparent damage to the foot muscle. Exposure of the snails to −13 °C (the lower lethal temperature), however, resulted in sloughing of the epithelium and possible loss of membrane material. Ice was present in the extracellular spaces of foot muscle which was fixed at −10 and −13 °C but not in tissues exposed to −5 °C. The percentage of the area occupied by the cells in muscle tissues decreased significantly when ice was present and increased to control levels upon warming in all cases except for the tissue exposed to −13 °C.
Published Version
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