ICD in Children and Youth

Abstract

The peculiarity of the pediatrics and adolescent age groups with the presence of congenital defects, genetic variance, developmental as well as puberty issues creates unique group of humans. This peculiarity of the pediatric and adolescent age groups can be easily explored when we discuss implanting defibrillator devices during this time of the human life. This chapter is devoted for Psychological, Emotional, Social and Cognitive Aspects of Implantable cardioverter Defibrillators in children and adolescents. The true impact of childhood ventricular fibrillation as well as milestones of professional care for this age group ICD candidates is discussed. Breaking the bad news-being an art by it self- has peculiarity in childhood and adolescent disease which was given concern in this chapter. Useful information and tips to be communicated to child, youth and families are given. Clear perspective of the important events of the child with ICD and reactions to it is given with emphasis to preserve normal life style as much as possible. Psychosocial Factors and Quality of Life in Children and adolescents with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators are discussed. Although no longitudinal studies of psychosocial response over time for children and adolescents are available, focus in initial studies in children and young adults which illustrate higher levels of anxiety and lower quality of life scores in patients with implantable cardioverter–defibrillators has been given. The pediatric and adolescent age-specific concerns, together with the typical ICD patient concerns such as both inappropriate and appropriate shocks and physical activity restrictions were given concern. Reduced physical functioning and lower quality of life in adolescents and the importance of creating a positive emotional perspective is emphasized. Theoretical approaches to the psychosocial adjustment of ICD recipients in different age groups with discussion of general theories of psychological adjustment to the ICD has been discussed with some depth. We emphasize on the fact that psychoeducational plans and modules are the main theme in managing the psychosocial emotional and cognitive aspects of ICDs in children and adolescents. Up to date pharmacological treatment of PTSD in children and adolescents is mentioned. Finally recommendations for future research to improve psychological, emotional, social and cognitive aspects of Implantable Cardiac devices in children and adolescents are highlighted.