Abstract
Surface coating modification of titanium-based alloys is an efficient way to accelerate early osseointegration in dental implant fields. Icariin (ICA) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has bone activating functions, while aspirin (ASP) is a classical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with good antipyretic and analgesic capabilities. Moreover, poly(lactic–co–glycolic acid) (PLGA) has attracted great attention due to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. We superimposed an ASP/PLGA coating onto ICA loaded TiO2 nanotubes structure so as to establish an icariin/aspirin composite coating on TiO2 nanotubes surface. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a contact angle test and a drug release test confirmed the successful preparation of the NT–ICA–ASP/PLGA substrate, with a sustained release pattern of both ICA and ASP. Compared to those cultured on the Ti surface, macrophage cells on the NT-ICA-ASP/PLGA substrate displayed decreased M1 proinflammatory and enhanced M2 proregenerative genes and proteins expression, which implied activated immunomodulatory effect. Moreover, when cultured with conditioned medium from macrophages, osteoblast cells on the NT-ICA-ASP/PLGA substrate revealed improved cell proliferation, adhesion and osteogenic genes and proteins expression, compared with those on the Ti surface. The abovementioned results suggest that the established NT-ICA-ASP/PLGA substrate is a promising candidate for functionalized coating material in Ti implant surface modification.
Highlights
Dental implant dentures are the preferred treatment option for patients with dentition defect and edentulous jaws [1]
We examined the immunomodulatory effect of the established NT–ICA–ASP/poly(lactic–co–glycolic acid) (PLGA) substrate using macrophage cells
The NT–ICA–PLGA surface obtained by dripping the PLGA solution on the surface of the NT–ICA sample was still yellow, but the original ICA particles were covered and difficult to identify
Summary
Dental implant dentures are the preferred treatment option for patients with dentition defect and edentulous jaws [1]. Titanium and titanium—based alloys have become the main steam material for dental implants due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility [2]. The biological inertness of pure titanium impairs the rapid bonding between dental implant and bone tissue, even causes implant failure [3]. Surface modification of Ti-based implant materials has become the main way to enhance cell activity, exert antibacterial effect and so as to promote osseointegration [4]. Various strategies have been employed for improving surface characteristics of dental implant, including physical, chemical and biological methods [5]. The application of protein growth factor on implant surface has been proved to be an effective way for enhancing osteogenesis and could accelerate osseointegration at the implant–tissue
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