Abstract
The seismic wave scattering by a 3D tunnel mountain is investigated by the indirect boundary element method (IBEM). Without loss of generality, the 3D physical model of hemispherical tunnel mountain in an elastic half-space is established, and the influence of the incidence frequency and angle of P or SV wave on the mountain surface displacements is mainly examined. It is shown that there exists quite a difference between the spatial distribution of displacement amplitude under the incident P wave and the one under SV wave and that the incidence frequency and angle of wave, especially the existence of tunnel excavated in the mountain, have a great effect on the surface displacements of mountain; the presence of the tunnel in the mountain may cause the greater amplification of surface displacement, which is unfavorable to the mountain projects. In addition, it should be noted that the tunnel may suffer the more severe damage under the incident SV wave.
Highlights
With the rapid development of economy, the highway, railway, and other infrastructures gradually extend to the mountainous area, and the mountain tunnel accounts for an increasing proportion in the line, for example, 70.2% in China Sichuan-Tibet railway and 86% in Japan central Shinkansen
A large number of theoretical research and earthquake damage investigations [1,2,3,4,5] have illustrated that the mountain/hill topography has a significant effect on the seismic surface motions, and, due to the scattering and interference of seismic waves inside the mountain, there exists a strong interaction between the tunnel and the mountain, which is of great importance for the seismic design of mountain tunnels
By the explicit finite element method, Li and Lu [33] established the model of underground caverns and studied the dynamic response of caverns, which is mainly determined by factors such as the characteristics of incident seismic wave, mountain topography, joint surface, and the caverns location
Summary
With the rapid development of economy, the highway, railway, and other infrastructures gradually extend to the mountainous area, and the mountain tunnel accounts for an increasing proportion in the line, for example, 70.2% in China Sichuan-Tibet railway and 86% in Japan central Shinkansen. By the explicit finite element method, Li and Lu [33] established the model of underground caverns and studied the dynamic response of caverns, which is mainly determined by factors such as the characteristics of incident seismic wave, mountain topography, joint surface, and the caverns location. Taking the large underground cavern as an example, Liu et al [38] studied the dynamic interaction among multiple adjacent mountains by the dynamic indirect boundary element method and evaluated the amplification effect of ground motion for the incident P and SV waves. Due to the spatial attenuation effect of the scattered wave, 5 times of the wavelength is taken to meet the calculation accuracy at the discrete range of surface
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