Abstract
Abstract. Our 21st century perspective on the oceans is due to the realization that knowledge of them and specifically their role in earth's climate are central to determining the future health of our planet. This present knowledge of the oceans builds on the farsighted work of people who, over the past century, worked to address seemingly intractable problems. The International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) has, over that long time span, promoted and supported the international approach that is now commonplace and has championed the provision of cross-cutting activities, the value of which we now fully recognize. This paper describes the key events in IAPSO's history and the roles played by the scientists involved.
Highlights
Until about 100 years ago the science of oceanography was primarily the profession of a small number of people, almost all of them men, who devoted their energy and skill, and often their own money, to understand the complicated motion of the sea and the lives of its creatures
Over the subsequent 30 years, he financed and used four increasingly impressive research yachts the Hirondelle, Princesse Alice, Princesse Alice II, and Hirondelle II to make numerous oceanographic measurements, maps and charts. His main collaborators were Baron Jules de Guerne and Jules Richard, and later he was joined by John Young Buchan after he had completed his service as a chemist with the Challenger expedition, where HMSH Prince Albert I worked with Maurice Leger and Paul Portier to develop scientific equipment
Oceanographic institutions were established worldwide and these organizations dealt with marine physics, and with marine chemistry, biology, and geology and geophysics. This resulted in the creation of a Special Committee on Oceanic Research, later to become the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), in 1957; this coincided with the International Geophysical Year 1957–1958
Summary
Until about 100 years ago the science of oceanography was primarily the profession of a small number of people, almost all of them men, who devoted their energy and skill, and often their own money, to understand the complicated motion of the sea and the lives of its creatures. Over the subsequent 30 years, he financed and used four increasingly impressive research yachts the Hirondelle, Princesse Alice, Princesse Alice II, and Hirondelle II to make numerous oceanographic measurements, maps and charts His main collaborators were Baron Jules de Guerne and Jules Richard, and later he was joined by John Young Buchan after he had completed his service as a chemist with the Challenger expedition, where HMSH Prince Albert I worked with Maurice Leger and Paul Portier to develop scientific equipment. He even used drift bottle measurements like Maury had to determine the splitting of the Gulf Stream, showing one branch heading north towards northern Europe and the other heading south past Spain and Africa before turning back west.
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