Abstract
Agouti-related protein (AgRP) is a 4-kDa cystine-knot peptide of human origin with four disulfide bonds and four solvent-exposed loops. The cell adhesion receptor integrin αvβ3 is an important tumor angiogenesis factor that determines the invasiveness and metastatic ability of many malignant tumors. AgRP mutants have been engineered to bind to integrin αvβ3 with high affinity and specificity using directed evolution. Here, AgRP mutants 7C and 6E were radiolabeled with 111In and evaluated for in vivo targeting of tumor integrin αvβ3 receptors. AgRP peptides were conjugated to the metal chelator 1, 4, 7, 10-tetra-azacyclododecane- N, N′, N″, N‴-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and radiolabeled with 111In. The stability of the radiopeptides 111In-DOTA-AgRP-7C and 111In-DOTA-AgRP-6E was tested in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and mouse serum, respectively. Cell uptake assays of the radiolabeled peptides were performed in U87MG cell lines. Biodistribution studies were performed to evaluate the in vivo performance of the two resulting probes using mice bearing integrin-expressing U87MG xenograft tumors. Both AgRP peptides were easily labeled with 111In in high yield and radiochemical purity (>99%). The two probes exhibited high stability in phosphate-buffered saline and mouse serum. Compared with 111In-DOTA-AgRP-6E, 111In-DOTA-AgRP-7C showed increased U87MG tumor uptake and longer tumor retention (5.74 ± 1.60 and 1.29 ± 0.02%ID/g at 0.5 and 24 h, resp.), which was consistent with measurements of cell uptake. Moreover, the tumor uptake of 111In-DOTA-AgRP-7C was specifically inhibited by coinjection with an excess of the integrin-binding peptidomimetic c(RGDyK). Thus, 111In-DOTA-AgRP-7C is a promising probe for targeting integrin αvβ3 positive tumors in living subjects.
Highlights
Molecular imaging is a rapidly evolving field in biomedical research and provides powerful techniques to noninvasively study a variety of important characteristics of cancers, such as tumor metabolism, proliferation, hypoxia, and receptor expression [1,2,3]
Compared with 111In-DOTA-Agouti-related protein (AgRP)-6E, 111In-DOTA-AgRP-7C showed increased U87MG tumor uptake and longer tumor retention (5.74 ± 1.60 and 1.29 ± 0.02%ID/g at 0.5 and 24 h, resp.), which was consistent with measurements of cell uptake
We used a truncated form of the Agoutirelated protein (AgRP∗), a 4-kDa cystine-knot peptide with four disulfide bonds and four solvent-exposed loops, as a molecular scaffold for directed evolution
Summary
Molecular imaging is a rapidly evolving field in biomedical research and provides powerful techniques to noninvasively study a variety of important characteristics of cancers, such as tumor metabolism, proliferation, hypoxia, and receptor expression [1,2,3]. Many platforms including small molecules, peptides, proteins, and nanoparticles have been explored in order to develop molecular probes to image a variety of important disease biomarkers [4, 5]. Cystine-knot peptides consist of a stable core motif of at least three disulfide bonds that are interwoven into a “knot” conformation. We used a truncated form of the Agoutirelated protein (AgRP∗), a 4-kDa cystine-knot peptide with four disulfide bonds and four solvent-exposed loops, as a molecular scaffold for directed evolution. Highthroughput methods were used to screen a yeast-displayed
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
