血液凝固に関する研究(第I報)

Abstract

Studies were performed on the phenomenon of blood coagulation of American crawfish, Cambarus clarkii, and the fibrinogen contained in its blood plasma was demonstrated electrophoretically. The results are as follows:1) In the case of crawfish, the course of blood coagulation can be observed separately in two stages. First, the blood cells contacted with and joined each other by the cytoplasmic processeses long dendritic or horn-like form grown out rapidly from the cells, involving a few of fine fibrilles, and yet the blood plasma maintained its liquidity.The explosive breake down of so-called explosive cells might take an important part of this phenomenon.The decarcifying anticoagulants, such as Na. citrate, could not inhibit the coagumechanism completely, and the fibrinclot appeared promptly yet maintaining the liquidity of blood plasma, by the addition of Na. citrate to freshly aspirated blood. Moreover the microcopic examination of extended preparation of this clot revealed the numerous blood cells involved in the fibrin-nets. So that it is reasonably considered that the Na. citrate may have some promoting effect on the first stage of coagulation.2) In the second stage, the major part of fibrinogen in the blood plasma changed into fibrin-fibre and the complete gelation of blood was reached. The facts found in this stage are resemble to that of the higher janimals. Oxalate and citrate,, though having a promoting effect on the first stage, showed the inhibition of the second stage of coagulation. But heparin showed no inhibition.3) The blood plasma obtained by inhibiting the second stage of coagulation using Na. citrate was gelated completely when Ca. chloride or homogenous thrombin solution was added to it.The temperature, neither low (3-4°C) nor high (46°C) inhibits the first stage of coagulation, resulting the formation of a soft clot.4) The electrophoretic pattern of crawfish serum on cellulose acetate membrane revealed a prominent protein fraction, hemocyanin which corresponds to the albumin in higher animals. and other several minor fractions than hemocyanin corresponding to the globulin. In the case of citrated blood plasma, a major fraction appeared in the globulin portion, which was never seen by serumelectrophoresis.The electrophoretic pattern of the liquid obtained after the gelation of citrated blood plasma by adding Ca. chloride, seemed quite similar to that of the serum and no major fraction in the globulin portion was demonstrated.5) The globulin fraction salted out from the citrated blood plasma by 30 per cent saturation of Ammonium sulfate showed gelation by the addition of homogenous thrombin solution.From the facts described above, ethe major protein fraction in globulin portion of citrated blood plasma of crawfish is considered to be the fiblinogen of this animal.6) It is a phylogenical interests to notice that in the case of crawfish, next of hemocyanin, fibrinogen is the most prominent fraction of serum protein while others than these are found in very small quantities.