I. The winds of Northern India, in relation to the temperature and vapour-constituent of the atmosphere

Abstract

The object of this paper is to describe the normal wind-currents of Northern India, and their annual variation, and to trace out their origin and causes, so far as these can be discovered hi the local physical changes of the atmosphere. After referring to the data on which his conclusions are based, the author goes on to describe the winds of the principal geographical regions of North India in detail. Part I. Description of Winds . 1. The Punjab .—As a rule currents from the westward predominate on an average throughout the year; and this is also found to be the case in other parts of North India. In the most northern part of the Punjab, westerly winds prevail in the cold and hot dry months, easterly in the rainy months. In the central districts northerly winds preponderate over southerly, having in the cold months a westerly tendency, but drawing round to the north-east as the hot weather comes on, while as the rainy season sets in the winds tend to east and south-east, returning to west after the rain ceases in September. In the southern part of the Punjab (and this is also the case in Sindh) easterly winds never prevail and southerly, south-westerly, and north-westerly winds predominate—the two former in the rainy months, the last in the cold and hot dry season. In the coldest months the wind veers towards the north, and occasionally passes a little to the east of north.