Abstract

IVAN Petrovich Pavlov (Fig 1) was born on Sept 27, 1849, in the old Russian town of Ryazan. His early education was in preparation for a career as a priest. In 1864 he finished the theological school and entered a seminary. However, his refusal to accept religious dogmas and his keen interest in materialistic ideas prompted him to leave the seminary. In 1870 Pavlov enrolled at the natural sciences division of the Physics and Mathematics Department of the St. Petersburg University, where he specialized in animal physiology under the guidance of the well-known Russian scientist I. Tzion. In 1874, Pavlov finished the St. Petersburg University with honors—he was awarded a gold medal. However, he did not regard his education as complete and continued his studies at the Medical Surgical Academy, which he finished in 1879. Shortly afterwards, Pavlov headed the Physiology Laboratory at the clinic of the outstanding Russian internist

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