Abstract
Since 2007, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has supported I-MOVE (influenza monitoring vaccine effectiveness), a network to monitor seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA). To set up I-MOVE, we conducted a literature review and a survey on methods used in the EU/EEA to measure IVE and held expert consultations to guide the development of generic protocols to estimate IVE in the EU/EEA. On the basis of these protocols, from the 2008/09 season, I-MOVE teams have conducted multicentre case–control, cohort and screening method studies, undertaken within existing sentinel influenza surveillance systems. The estimates obtained include effectiveness against medically attended laboratory-confirmed influenza and are adjusted for the main confounding factors described in the literature. I-MOVE studies are methodologically sound and feasible: the availability of various study designs, settings and outcomes provides complementary evidence, facilitating the interpretation of the results. The IVE estimates have been useful in helping to guide influenza vaccine policy at national and European level. I-MOVE is a unique platform for exchanging views on methods to estimate IVE. The scientific knowledge and experience in practical, managerial and logistic issues can be adapted to monitor surveillance of the effectiveness of other vaccines.
Highlights
Since 2007, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has supported I-MOVE, a network to monitor seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA)
To set up I-MOVE, we conducted a literature review and a survey on methods used in the EU/EEA to measure IVE and held expert consultations to guide the development of generic protocols to estimate IVE in the EU/EEA
The I-MOVE network is well established and has provided seasonal and pandemic IVE for four consecutive influenza seasons (2011/12 results have been submitted for publication)
Summary
I-MOVE: Influenza monitoring vaccine effectiveness. x indicates that the study was carried out. ECDC 2009 / XYZ / XY third season, all study sites selected systematically ILI/ARI patients to swab. We defined a case of influenza as an ILI patient who tests positive for influenza using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or culture. Depending on the study site, testing is performed at national or regional reference laboratories. The sentinel practitioners interview the ILI/ARI patients face-to-face, collect information on a set of predefined variables common to all study sites (Table 1) and send the completed questionnaires to each of the I-MOVE study site coordinators. National study teams send to the EpiConcept coordination team anonymised databases of recruited ILI cases. We estimate the pooled IVE using a one-stage method, with the study site included as fixed effect in the model. Item Participating countries/study sites Study population (restricted to non-institutionalised patients)
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