I. ‘Mon pays ce n'est pas un pays’ full stop: The concept of nation as a challenge to the nationalist aspirations of the Parti Québécois

Abstract

Depending on one's perspective, Quebec nationalism is seen either to have precipitated divisions within the nation or as a response to the problems of a nation that has always been divided. This paper argues that both perspectives reflect an unquestioning acceptance of the concept of nation which seriously limits their capacity to generate an effective response to problems arising from diversity. Accordingly, the paper suggests that it is only by recognizing the power of the concept of nation and by locating the sources of division within this concept, that we have any hope of overcoming problems of divisiveness. The paper builds this argument by providing a brief discussion of the concept of nation and highlighting the ways in which it sets parameters for contesting power. The pervasive domination of the concept of nation is then illustrated through a discussion of the need for the Parti Québécois to construct a legitimate nation and an examination of their attempts to do so. The inherent vulnerability of this construct is revealed through examinations of external and internal challenges to it. By working through the paradox of a need to comply with the theoretically devised criteria of nation status and the impossibility of doing so, the inherent divisiveness of all nations is exposed. The conclusion suggests that nationalism, as it is currently manifested, offers few solutions to the problems of heterogeneity that it purports to solve.